publications

1956

1. Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement

   Einstein, Albert

   1956

1950

1. AJP

   The meaning of relativity

   Einstein, Albert, and Taub, AH

   American Journal of Physics, 1950

1935

1. PhysRev

   Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?

   Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., and Rosen, N.

   Phys. Rev., 1935

   Abs HTML PDF

   In a complete theory there is an element corresponding to each element of reality. A sufficient condition for the reality of a physical quantity is the possibility of predicting it with certainty, without disturbing the system. In quantum mechanics in the case of two physical quantities described by non-commuting operators, the knowledge of one precludes the knowledge of the other. Then either (1) the description of reality given by the wave function in quantum mechanics is not complete or (2) these two quantities cannot have simultaneous reality. Consideration of the problem of making predictions concerning a system on the basis of measurements made on another system that had previously interacted with it leads to the result that if (1) is false then (2) is also false. One is thus led to conclude that the description of reality as given by a wave function is not complete.

1905

1. Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen

   Einstein, A.

   Annalen der physik, 1905
2. Ann. Phys.

   Un the movement of small particles suspended in statiunary liquids required by the molecular-kinetic theory 0f heat

   Einstein, A.

   Ann. Phys., 1905
3. On the electrodynamics of moving bodies

   Einstein, A.

   1905